The Upper Mustang trek is a 12-day adventure in one of the trans-Himalayan regions in Nepal. It is a magical journey that takes you back in time when humans used to live in caves. You will literally see 2000-3000-year-old cave homes and explore ancient salt trade routes!
If you believe you know the Himalayas but have not explored the Upper Mustang yet, then trust us, you do not know the Himalayas completely. Upper Mustang is unlike any other Himalayan region in Nepal.
Situated near the northern border with Tibet, Upper Mustang has long been a prohibited area for foreigners and only opened in 1992 for organized tours.
Wrapped with semi-arid landscapes, rich Tibetan heritage, ancient monasteries, vast meadows, deep canyons, and mazes of white-washed houses, Upper Mustang is a gem in Nepal.
A trek to the Upper Mustang is more than just an adventure. You will embark on a cultural exploration of the Last Forbidden Kingdom. The journey will be life-changing and rejuvenating.
During the Upper Mustang trek 12 days, you will meet the Lopa (or Loba) and Thakali communities and experience their warm hospitality. Though Upper Mustang still remains relatively untouched by modernization, we can see slow changes.
For example, the historical salt trade route has developed into a custom truck route between Nepal and China. Lo Manthang is now accessible via bike and jeep. So, trekking doesn't remain the only option to explore the Upper Mustang anymore.
You can now travel to Upper Mustang in a jeep or a motorbike. Does this affect trekking? The road construction has affected trekking to some extent, but the journey is still truly rewarding.
There are two routes to Lo Manthang- the western route (the classic, famous route) and the eastern route (road-less but challenging). You will enjoy trekking to Lo Manthang via both routes.
Check out our Upper Mustang bike tour package if you are interested in offroad biking.
Highlights
- Embark on an adventurous trek that will take you back in time
- Trek in one of the trans-Himalayan regions in Nepal
- Walk through deep canyons and semi-deserts and cross several mountain passes
- Explore many ancient monasteries throughout the trek
- Spend two nights in Lo Manthang, the Walled City
- Are you into cave civilization? You will love the Jhong Caves in Chhoser
- Witness mesmerizing arid landscapes and breathtaking mountain views of Nilgiri, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, and many more
- Trek close to the Tibetan border and visit the last village, Tingkhar, in the northwest of Nepal
- Take thrilling flights in and out of Jomsom airport
The kingdom of Lo
If we dive deep into the history of Lo, it was under full control of the Ngari district of Tibet. In 1380, Ame Pal, a Tibetan warrior, established the walled city of Lo Manthang.
He then built the palace at Tsarang in 1440 and many other fortresses and settlements throughout the Upper Mustang. The strategic location of Lo Manthang enabled it to extensively flourish during the 15th to 17th centuries.
Lo controlled the salt trade route between Tibet in the north and India in the south via the Kali Gandaki Gorge. In the 18th century, during the greater Nepal campaign of Shah Rullers, Lo Manthang was integrated into Nepal.
Still, Lo Manthang practiced its own rules and remained a separate kingdom. So, even the unified Nepal technically had two kings.
In the 1950s, the Chinese invasion of Tibet put an end to cross-border trade between Tibet, Nepal, and India. After Ame Pal, his descendants ruled Lo for 25 generations. In 2016, the last king of Lo, Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista, died.
The beginning of tourism in Upper Mustang
We have mentioned that the Upper Mustang was completely off-limits to foreigners until 1992. It gave it the name The Last Forbidden Kingdom of Lo.
Even when tourism was opened in the same year (1992), the trips were strictly regulated, and by 2008, only a little over 2000 foreigners explored this region.
When the Upper Mustang was opened to the world, filmmakers and photojournalists took a special interest in the region.
At that time, there were no tea houses built, so camping was necessary, and it made the overall trip very expensive.
Fast forward to 2025, the Upper Mustang trek route is dotted with teahouses, so camping is not required anymore. The trekking permit is still quite expensive, but the trek is not as costly as before.
What are the main attractions of Upper Mustang trek?
- Adventurous trail: The Upper Mustang trek route is very adventurous. Though it combines walking on newly built roads and offroad trails, many sections of the trail are thrilling. For example, you will cross numerous mountain passes such as Taklam Lam Pass (3,624 m), Yamdo La Pass (3,850 m), Nyi La Pass (4,020 m), Ghami La Pass (3,765 m), Lo La Pass (3,960 m), etc. Likewise, the trail also traverses deep canyons, semi-deserts, narrow alleys, and vast meadows. You can definitely look forward to adventure on this trek.
- Mountain views: Western Himalayan mountains such as Nilgiri, Annapurna I, Dhaulagiri, Tukuche Peak, and many others dominate the Upper Mustang route. The mountain views are best from the top of the passes that you will cross during the trek.
- The warm hospitality of the locals: The locals of Upper Mustang are simple and kind. They never back up to give you the best service with whatever means they have. It feels like you are at home away from home.
- Ancient monasteries: Upper Mustang is famous for ancient monasteries that are centuries old. Some notable monasteries that you will explore during the trek are Ghar Gompa, Champa Lhakhang, Namgyal Gompa, Chyodi Gompa, Thubchen Gompa, etc.
- Sky Caves: If you are into cave civilization, then Jhong Caves in Chhoser will leave you in awe. These are called the sky caves as they are situated in cliffs. The caves are multi-storied and go as high as five stories.
- The Kali Gandaki Gorge: The Kali Gandaki Gorge is the deepest gorge in the world. It separates Mt. Dhaulagiri in the west and Mt. Annapurna in the east. It also used to be a trade route between India and Tibet centuries ago.
- Arid-landscapes: The Upper Mustang is a trans-Himalayan region in Nepal. The landscape here is not lush but barren and dry, like the Tibetan plateau. Mornings are dazzling in the intense sun rays,d and evenings are calm and soothing.
Upper Mustang trek itinerary and route
Our suggested Upper Mustang 12 days itinerary is what we think is the most scenic, culturally immersive, and achievable for all age groups.
You will start and end the Upper Mustang trek in Jomsom. From Jomsom, you will trek to Kagbeni and enter the restricted area on the way to Chele.
You will then spend nights in villages like Syanbochen, Ghami, and Tsarang before reaching Lo Manthang. The trail traverses many small settlements, deep canyons, semi-deserts, narrow alleys, and mountain passes.
You will spend two nights in Lo Manthang and descend via Ghar Gompa and Dhakmar. While returning to Jomsom, you will spend nights in Ghiling and Chhuksang villages.
If you are interested in exploring a Bon monastery, we recommend trekking from Chhuksang to Mukinath via Gyu La instead of following the road to Kagbeni. On the way, you can visit a Bon monastery in Lubra settlement.
Upper Mustang trek distance
The Upper Mustang trek distance may vary depending on your itinerary. Following our 12 days Upper Mustang trek itinerary, you will walk around 145 kilometers.
*Check out our Upper Mustang trek map attached below to see the pictorial view of the route.
The Teri La and Saribung La route
The Upper Mustang trek via Teri La (5,595 m) and Saribung La (5,600 m) is the most advanced route. It connects Upper Mustang with Nar Phu Valley.
Following this route, it takes 18 to 22 days to complete the trek, and you will cross two 5,500 meters above mountain passes. This route is strenuous and only recommended to experienced trekkers.
Upper Mustang trek via Teri La and Saribung La includes homestays and camping. Trekkers also have to use ropes, ice axes, and crampons, depending on the condition of the pass.
Please understand that the Teri La and Saribung La route is not explored by many Nepali trekking companies even though they sell the package.
Kindly ask them about their expertise in this isolated, challenging route before booking the trek. You will start the Upper Mustang trek via Teri La and Saribung La from Kagbeni and end it in Koto.
The craze of the Tiji festival
Tiji festival is the spring festival in Upper Mustang. It is a three-day grand festivity in Lo Manthang. Travelers who have experienced this festival do not stop raving about it.
It is celebrated usually in May as per the Tibetan lunar calendar. The festival showcases huge mandalas, centuries-old scriptures, ancient thangka paintings, mask dances, several rituals, and offerings.
In 2026, the Tiji festival will be celebrated on the 14th, 15th, and 16th of May. If you are interested to experience it, schedule your Upper Mustang trek during this date.
Is Upper Mustang trek suitable for you?
The Upper Mustang trek is not an easy excursion in the Himalayas. Altitude-wise, it is not as high as Everest Base Camp or Annapurna Circuit treks. But the terrain is offbeat and requires good fitness.
Generally, the Upper Mustang trek is recommended to beginner trekkers, but they have to be physically fit. It is best if you do Upper Mustang trekking as your 2nd or 3rd voyage in the Himalayas.
Upper Mustang trek 2025/2026 bookings are open!
How to prepare for the Upper Mustang trek?
- You have to walk a minimum of 6 hours a day during the Upper Mustang trek. For that, you will need good stamina and strength. If you are not physically fit, exercise. Strength training and cardio is recommended.
- Learn about the Upper Mustang trek route and what it is like trekking there. Have the right expectations. It will lower the annoyance of limited modern conveniences.
- One of the things that will help you a lot during trekking in the Himalayas is your mindset. It is again about accepting the challenges and limitations of the region and adjusting.
- Practice regular walking and stretching.
- Make a habit of drinking 2 to 3 liters of water daily. You have to drink at least this much water every day during the trek.
Upper Mustang trek cost 2025 and 2026
Our Upper Mustang trek cost is the most affordable in the market. You can do this trek at just USD 1,700 per person.
It covers the Upper Mustang trek permit, guide and porter, two Jomsom flights, transportation from Kathmandu to Pokhara, three meals a day during the trek, and many other perks.